Stream Salamander

A small to medium-sized streamside salamander typically measuring 3.5–5.5 inches (9–14 cm) in total length. Body is slender and elongate with a laterally compressed tail adapted for aquatic life. Dorsal coloration is dark brown to black, often with a reddish or coppery tint along the vertebral region. The dorsal surface typically exhibits fine flecking or a slightly granular texture rather than prominent pattern elements. Dorsolateral folds are present and well-defined, running the length of the body. The head is moderately flattened with small eyes positioned laterally. Costal grooves are distinct and numerous, typically 14–16 between limbs. Limbs are relatively short and slender. The tail is deep laterally and comprises approximately 40–50% of total length, often with a dark coloration matching the body. Ventral surface is lighter, ranging from yellowish-brown to grayish, occasionally with darker mottling. Skin is smooth and typically moist. Inhabits cool, clear mountain streams and spring runs in subtropical regions, typically at moderate to high elevations. Associated with rocky substrates, moss-covered stones, and vegetated stream margins. Primarily nocturnal and cryptic, often found under rocks and leaf litter near water. Diet consists of small aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates including insects, small crustaceans, and other arthropods.