Puff Adder

A moderately large, heavy-bodied viper typically measuring 20–39 inches (50–100 cm) in total length, with some individuals reaching up to 47 inches (120 cm). Body is robust and stocky with a broad, distinctly flattened head set off from the neck. Dorsal coloration is highly variable, ranging from yellow, tan, brown, olive, or gray to nearly black, overlaid with a series of bold, dark brown to black chevron-shaped or V-shaped crossbands that extend from the nape to the tail. The dorsal pattern is distinctive and consistent across individuals. Vertebral ridge is prominent. Scales are strongly keeled, giving the body a distinctly textured appearance. Head scales are small and numerous. Vertical pupils and prominent loreal pits are present. The tail is relatively short and thick. Ventral surface is yellowish to cream, often with dark mottling or blotches. Juveniles resemble adults but are often more brightly patterned. Primarily inhabits savanna woodlands, grasslands, brushy areas, and the margins of forests, tolerating a wide range of habitats from sea level to moderate elevations. Often found in areas with dense vegetation, rocky outcrops, and near water sources. Highly cryptic and often remains motionless despite disturbance. When threatened, inflates its body and produces a characteristic hissing sound. Diet consists primarily of small mammals, including rodents and shrews, as well as amphibians, reptiles, and occasionally ground-dwelling birds, subdued via envenomation.