Mahoroba Salamander

A small, slender salamander typically measuring 3.5–5.0 inches (9–13 cm) in total length. Body is elongate and gracile with relatively short limbs, characteristic of the family Hynobiidae. Dorsal coloration is dark brown to blackish, overlaid with a pattern of small, rounded yellow or cream-colored spots arranged in roughly longitudinal rows along the back and sides. The spots are relatively uniform in size and regularly distributed, creating a distinctive speckled appearance. A faint vertebral stripe may be present. The head is relatively small and flattened. Costal grooves are prominent, typically numbering 13–14. Skin is smooth and glossy. Limbs are short and slender. Ventral surface is dark gray to brown, often with scattered lighter spots. Primarily inhabits cool, forested mountain streams and adjacent seepage areas in central Japan, typically at moderate to high elevations. Prefers areas with dense moss cover, leaf litter, and proximity to flowing water or damp substrates. Diet consists of small arthropods and invertebrates, including insects, mites, and other minute fauna.