Hakuba Salamander

A small, slender salamander typically measuring 3.5–4.5 inches (9–11 cm) in total length. Body is elongate and gracile with short limbs characteristic of hynobiid salamanders. Dorsal coloration is dark brown to blackish-brown, often with a reddish or copper-colored vertebral stripe extending from head to tail tip; this stripe may be faint or prominent depending on individual variation. The vertebral stripe is the most distinctive feature, contrasting with the darker lateral body coloration. Dorsal surface may exhibit fine flecking or subtle mottling. The head is relatively small and pointed. Costal grooves are well-defined, typically numbering 13–14. Skin is smooth and somewhat glossy. Ventral surface is dark gray to blackish, occasionally with lighter flecking on the throat and belly. Eyes are small and dark. Primarily inhabits cool mountain streams, seepage areas, and adjacent forest habitats in high elevation montane regions of central Honshu, Japan. Associated with rocky substrates, leaf litter, and moss-covered areas near flowing water. Diet consists of small invertebrates including tiny arthropods and other small prey items suitable for this diminutive salamander.