Iwaki Salamander

A small, slender salamander typically measuring 3.5–5.0 inches (9–13 cm) in total length. Body is elongate and gracile with relatively short limbs. Dorsal coloration is dark brown to brownish-black, often with a slightly lighter vertebral stripe or series of spots running down the midline. The dorsal surface may exhibit subtle flecking or mottling in lighter brown or gray tones. A distinctive feature is the presence of 13–14 costal grooves along the body flanks. The head is relatively broad and flattened, with small eyes. Dorsolateral folds are present but not prominently developed. The tail is compressed laterally, slightly longer than the body, and often darker than the dorsum. Ventral surface is lighter, ranging from cream to pale gray, sometimes with darker mottling. Skin is smooth and moist. Limbs are short and delicate, with digits typically numbering 4–5 on hind limbs. This species is endemic to mountainous regions of northern Honshu, Japan, specifically in the Iwaki Mountains area. Inhabits cool, clear mountain streams, seepage areas, and associated forest wetlands at moderate to high elevations, typically in deciduous or mixed forest habitats with abundant moisture and leaf litter. Primarily nocturnal and terrestrial during non-breeding periods. Diet consists of small invertebrates, primarily minute arthropods such as mites, collembolans, and small insects.