Setouchi Salamander

A small, slender lungless salamander typically measuring 3.5–5.0 inches (9–13 cm) in total length. Body is gracile and elongate with a relatively short tail and 13–14 costal grooves between the front and hind limbs. Dorsal coloration is dark brown to blackish-brown with a reddish-brown or rust-colored vertebral stripe extending from the head to the tail tip, which is a defining characteristic of this species. The vertebral stripe is distinct and continuous. Lateral surfaces are slightly paler than the dorsum. Small, rounded dorsal tubercles are present along the length of the body. The head is relatively flattened and moderately wide. Costal grooves are well-defined and conspicuous. Ventral surface is pale gray to cream, sometimes with fine dark mottling. Limbs are short and slender. Skin is smooth and moist. Primarily inhabits small woodland streams, spring runs, and seepage areas in cool, forested regions of Japan, particularly in the Inland Sea region (Setouchi). Strictly aquatic or semi-aquatic, remaining associated with flowing water year-round. Diet consists of small aquatic invertebrates including amphipods, copepods, and larval insects.