Armenian Viper

A small to medium-sized viper typically measuring 16–24 inches (40–60 cm) in total length. Body is stout and robust with a relatively broad, flat-topped head distinctly set off from the neck. Dorsal coloration is highly variable, ranging from gray, tan, brown, or olive to nearly black, overlaid with a series of dark brown to blackish irregular blotches or crossbands running along the vertebral line. Many individuals display a zigzag or undulating pattern down the back rather than discrete blotches. A distinct pale vertebral stripe is often present, running down the midline and bordered by darker coloration. The head typically bears a dark V- or X-shaped marking on the crown. Scales are strongly keeled, giving the body a distinctly rough texture. Vertical pupils and prominent loreal pits are present. Ventral surface is cream, yellow, or pale gray, often with dark mottling or irregular spots. Primarily inhabits high-altitude rocky slopes, alpine meadows, and montane grasslands of the Armenian Highlands and surrounding regions, typically at elevations between 4,000–10,000 feet (1,200–3,000 m). Often found among rocky debris, sparse vegetation, and near stone outcrops. Diet consists primarily of small rodents and lizards, subdued via envenomation.