Tokara Habu

A medium-sized, heavy-bodied pit viper typically measuring 24–39 inches (61–99 cm) in total length, with some individuals reaching up to 47 inches (119 cm). Body is robust with a broad, flattened head distinctly set off from the neck. Dorsal coloration is highly variable, ranging from uniform brown, olive-brown, or yellowish-brown to dark gray or nearly black, often with subtle darker crossbands or blotches that may be faint or entirely obscured. Some individuals display a faint vertebral stripe or series of irregular markings along the dorsal midline. The head typically bears a faint X- or V-shaped marking or is uniformly colored. Scales are strongly keeled, giving the body a somewhat rough texture. Vertical pupils and prominent loreal pits are characteristic of this pit viper. The tail is relatively short and tapers to a point. Ventral surface is yellowish, grayish, or brownish, often with darker mottling or blotching. Juveniles resemble adults and lack the yellow tail tip characteristic of some congeners. This endemic Okinawan species typically inhabits subtropical forests, oak woodlands, rocky hillsides, and limestone cave environments on the Tokara Islands. Often found among rock crevices, leaf litter, and fallen vegetation. Primarily nocturnal. Diet consists of small mammals (particularly rodents), lizards, and occasionally birds, all subdued via envenomation.